The 1971 victory at Dharam Enclave, achieved with outdated artillery, exemplifies how skill, courage, and resourcefulness can overcome technological disadvantage, a lesson that remains central to modern military strategy.

As a student of the Art of War and Strategy, I believe that future wars are likely to be hybrid in nature. Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), cyber warfare, drone technology, hypersonic weapons, and the 5G network will play a pivotal role. However, history has shown that while superior technology can provide an advantage, it is not the sole determinant of military success. The human element—including strategy, leadership, training, morale, and adaptability—remains essential.
While technology may offer an edge, it is ultimately the individual behind the weapon who determines the outcome. A prime example of this principle can be seen in the performance of the Pakistan Artillery during the 1971 war. Despite being equipped with outdated 25-pounder self-propelled (SP) guns (Sexton), a model used by the British Army in World War II, our gunners, particularly the technical officers (TOs), displayed remarkable skill and dedication. Special recognition is due to the gun crews and TOs, who not only maintained this obsolete equipment but also maximized its effectiveness under challenging circumstances. One such unit, the 44 SP Medium Regiment Artillery, known as the "Men of Crisis," demonstrated extraordinary competence during the conflict.

During the 1971 War, the unit was deployed in the Narowal Sector as part of the Army Reserve North, under the able leadership of Brigadier F.B. Ali, an Artillery Commander renowned for his courage and outstanding leadership qualities.

The Canadian-origin 25-pounder SP gun (Sexton) remained in the inventory of the Pakistan Artillery for nearly two decades. Hats off to the gunners who ensured its operational readiness until it was returned to the ordnance depot in 1983.
During the 1971 War, the unit was deployed in the Narowal Sector as part of the Army Reserve North, under the able leadership of Brigadier F.B. Ali, an Artillery Commander renowned for his courage and outstanding leadership qualities.

At a critical moment, a plan was developed at 8 Division Headquarters to eliminate the 'Dharam Enclave,' which protruded into our territory on the opposite side of the River Ravi and was occupied by the Indian Border Security Force (BSF). 115 Brigade, with additional resources, was tasked with eliminating the Dharam Enclave.
The outline plan for the capture of Dharam Enclave (Operation Dajla) was as follows:
Deception Plan: As part of the deception strategy, 35 Punjab and 38 Punjab were tasked with launching feint attacks on Indian BSF Posts Sharan and Chiragh Nangli, located near the border.
Phase 1: 27 Punjab, supported by one troop of 27 Cavalry and two Field Companies from 9 Engineers Battalion, was tasked with capturing ferry sites along the River Ravi.
Phase II: 20 Punjab, supported by one troop of 27 Cavalry and two Companies of 9 Engineers Battalion, was to capture the Dharam Boat Bridge.
Phase III: Conduct mop-up operations within their respective sectors of the Enclave.
Upon successful completion of the operation, 35 Punjab was tasked with relieving 27 Punjab.
H Hour: 032130, December 1971.
The tactical plan for Operation Dajla involved neutralizing the area with a pre-H-hour bombardment, followed by a coordinated infantry assault, consolidation, and immediate occupation. The artillery fire plan, involving seven units with mixed calibers, was carefully crafted and executed, delivering a highly effective preparatory bombardment. The precision of this fire softened enemy positions to such an extent that, by the time the infantry advanced, they encountered minimal resistance, as the occupying force had already retreated. Among the artillery units, the "Men of Crisis" fired over 700 high-explosive rounds, proving the effectiveness of even older yet operationally capable guns.
Colonel Ikram Ullah Raja, known for his professional expertise, led the unit with distinction, contributing significantly to the success of the mission. Ultimately, it was the infantry's bravery that sealed the victory. They crossed the start line at 2130 hours and swiftly overran the objective, securing a decisive triumph.

The capture of Dharam Enclave denied the enemy a critical launching pad, gained valuable ground for post-war negotiations, and improved the division's defensive posture.

The map above provides a visual representation of the successful infantry maneuver. The capture of this enclave not only provided moral ascendancy but also eliminated a ready-made launching point, secured by 115 Brigade at the very outset of the war on the Western Front.
In the final analysis, the capture of Dharam Enclave denied the enemy a critical launching pad, gained valuable ground for post-war negotiations, and improved the division's defensive posture. The early capture of the Enclave boosted the morale of the troops, allowing them to maintain a psychological edge over the Indian forces in this sector until the end of hostilities.
The history of warfare has repeatedly demonstrated that firepower is ultimately what shifts the balance in any conflict. In the future, firepower will continue to play a decisive role. Among the various firepower elements, modern long-range artillery will be crucial in ensuring the success of ground operations and supporting infantry and armored assaults. Fortunately, Pakistan's artillery is well-equipped with advanced guns and munitions to face future challenges. The Pakistan Army has long recognized the significance of artillery weapon systems and prioritized their development strategy alongside operational planning.

Major General Muhammad Farooq Malik, HI (M), (R), commissioned in 1974, held key roles such as commanding an Artillery Division, serving as DG Artillery at GHQ, and as Deputy QMG until his retirement in 2009. A dedicated sportsman and educator, he continues to serve as the "Colonel of the Regiment" for his parent unit.